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一般議題：人權教育與訓練
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18
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The Experts call upon the Government to ensure that the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and related domestic legislation are made an integral part of education and training for all government agencies, members of the legal profession, law enforcement officers and the judiciary and education for the elimination of negative stereotypes in society.
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專家呼籲政府確保《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》與國內相關法令被列為所有政府機關、法界人士、執法官員及司法體系之教育與訓練及消除社會中負面的刻板印象的教育所不可或缺的一部分。
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19
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The human rights education curriculum for Taiwanese schools highlights for the most part the history and structure of the international human rights system without sufficient focus on the human rights values and principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two Covenants. The Experts also regret that gender equality is classified as a separate “issue” from human rights in the listing of the “7 disciplines” in the curriculum for years 1-9.
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中華民國(臺灣)各級學校之人權教育課程，大多強調國際人權體系之歷史與架構，並未充分聚焦於《世界人權宣言》及兩人權公約所揭櫫之人權價值與原則。九年一貫課程綱領「七大學習領域」中，性別平等教育被歸類為人權以外的單獨「議題」，專家對此也表示遺憾。
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一般議題：企業責任
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22
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In a statement adopted by the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in May 2011, the Committee called on States to include in their initial and periodic reports challenges faced and measures taken in relation to the role and the impact of the corporate sector on the realization of economic, social and cultural rights. This may affect labour conditions, trade union rights, housing rights, the position of female workers and migrant workers, but also land rights and environmental rights, domestically and extraterritorially.
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在2011年5月通過的一份聲明中，聯合國經濟、社會與文化權利委員會呼籲各國將企業界落實經濟、社會及文化權利的作用及影響相關方面所面臨的困難以及所採取的因應措施列入其初次與定期報告。這不僅可能影響國內與國外的勞動條件、工會權、居住權、女性勞工與外籍勞工之定位，也包括土地權和環境權。
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一般議題：性別平等與零歧視
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26
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It is generally accepted that the provisions of the Covenants relating to gender issues need to be interpreted in line with the jurisprudence under CEDAW. The Experts commend the Government of Taiwan for having ratified CEDAW, enacting laws and policies for the promotion of gender equality, and establishing the Gender Equality Department. The challenge now is to achieve effective implementation and monitoring of these various initiatives and create a social environment conducive to women’s rights. The Experts recommend that the Government takes comprehensive measures to ensure that knowledge of the rights of women under CEDAW, its concept of substantive gender equality and indirect discrimination, including the obligation to accelerate de facto equality through the use of temporary special measures in all areas, as well as the CEDAW Committee’s general recommendations, are well-known in society in general, and among all branches of the Government and the judiciary at all levels. It should be applied by all branches of Government as a framework for all laws, court verdicts and policies on gender equality and the advancement of women’s rights.
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一般認為，對於兩人權公約與性別議題有關的條款的解釋必須與消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約的法律體系相符。專家讚賞中華民國(臺灣)政府已經簽署消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約，制定法律與政策以推廣性別平等，並成立性別平等處，對於這些作為，專家予以讚賞。目前的挑戰在於如何達到有效施行並監督這些措施，並創造一個有益於女性權利的社會環境。專家建議，政府應採取全面性措施，確保社會整體和政府各部門與各層級的司法體系皆能深知消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約所規定的女性權利、實質性別平等與間接歧視的概念、包括透過在所有方面使用暫時特別措施以加速達到事實上平等的義務，以及消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約委員會的一般性建議。在適用上，它應被政府各部門視為與性別平等及促進女性權利相關的所有法律、法院判決及政策的原則架構。
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27
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The Experts therefore recommend: (i) the enactment of comprehensive legislation covering all fields of gender equality, with a view to implementing gender mainstreaming and gender budgeting; (ii) the adoption of more systematic temporary special measures to accelerate de facto equality of women; (iii) the elevation of the Gender Equality Department to a higher status so that it has the power, authority and budget to enable it to effectively carry out its mandate in data collection, gender impact assessment, and the formulation and implementation of policies on gender equality.
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因此，專家建議：（一）政府應制定全面性的法規以涵蓋性別平等的所有領域，目的是為實施性別主流化與性別預算；（二）通過更多有體系的暫時特別措施以加速女性事實上的平等；（三）提升性別平等處之層級，使其具備足夠的權力、職權與預算，以有效執行其資料蒐集、性別影響評估，以及規劃與實施性別平等相關政策等任務。
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28
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The Experts note reports that transgender persons are widely considered to suffer from a form of mental illness and that persons with gender identities different from their biological sex, suffer many forms of discrimination, including bullying in schools. During the dialogue with government representatives, the Committee observed that the dominant perspective is that gender identity is solely about sexual orientation. This was also evident in the description of gender equality education offered in schools.
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專家在報告中發現，跨性別者普遍被認為患有某種心理疾病，性別認同與自己生理性別不符的人承受著許多不同形式的歧視，校園霸凌即為其一。在與政府代表對話的過程中，本委員會發覺，主流觀點認為性別認同只與性傾向有關。這也明顯存在於學校性別平等教育的描述中。
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29
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The Experts recommend that Taiwan’s Ministry of Education (MOE) take the lead in developing and implementing effective information and awareness-raising initiatives on the equal right of everyone regardless of gender identity, to the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights. In particular the MOE should ensure the implementation of the Gender Equality Education Act by requiring schools to undertake targeted measures for the protection and promotion of the rights of students who are marginalized and disadvantaged because of their gender identities. The Experts urge the MOE to develop appropriate educational materials with a view to addressing homophobic biases that affect students’ perceptions of gender identities other than their own.
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專家建議，教育部應身先士卒，針對讓每個人，無論其性別認同為何，都能平等享有經濟、社會與文化權利，開發並實施有成效的提供資訊與提高意識方案。尤其教育部更應確保性別平等教育法的落實，要求學校單位採取對象特定的措施，以保護並促進因為對自己性別上的認同而被邊緣化與遭受不利益的學生權利。專家力勸教育部開發合適的教材，致力消弭會影響學生對於與自己性別認同不同者的觀念之同性戀恐懼症偏見。
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與經社文公約相關的特定議題：工作權（第6條）
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36
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Considering the high level of economic development of Taiwan and the high level of education of women, the Experts are concerned that the employment rate of women is as low as 48%. They note that women’s responsibility for childcare is one of the main reasons for their low rate of employment.
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考量到中華民國(臺灣)高水準的經濟發展，以及女性高水準的教育程度，專家關切女性的就業率僅有48%之低。專家注意到女性對於孩童照護的責任是她們就業率偏低的主要原因之一。
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37
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The Experts urge the Government of Taiwan to take measures to increase the employment rate of women. They recommend that the government undertake studies into the situation of women’s employment, the workplace environment and their responsibility at home as the primary caregiver for the family members.
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專家力勸中華民國(臺灣)政府應採取措施來提升婦女的就業率。專家建議政府應研究婦女的就業狀況、工作場所環境，以及她們是家庭成員主要照顧者的責任
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與經社文公約相關的特定議題：健康權與教育權（第12與13條）
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52
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The Experts are concerned about the high pregnancy and abortion rates amongst female adolescents. While noting that the Government is taking various steps at all levels of government to provide sex education programmes for adolescents, the success of such measures has not yet been evaluated.
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專家對於中華民國(臺灣)未成年女性懷孕與墮胎率居高不下感到關切，雖然了解中華民國(臺灣)政府在各個政府層級都採取各種措施為未成年人提供性教育方案，但這些措施的成效尚未被評估。
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53
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The Experts recommend that evaluations of sex education programmes for female and male adolescents, and the effects of such measures on the incidence of early pregnancy and abortions amongst female adolescents be evaluated regularly and that an institution be entrusted with that monitoring task.
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專家建議應對於未成年男女的性教育方案進行評估，以及應定期評估這些措施對未成年女性過早懷孕與墮胎的影響，並應指派機構負起監督的任務。
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54
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The Experts are concerned about the life situation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons. As in many other countries, such persons frequently face exclusion, marginalization, discrimination and aggression by large parts of the general population, and in schools, resulting in high suicide rates and physical and mental health problems.
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專家關切女同性戀者、男同性戀者、雙性戀者、跨性別者與陰陽人（下稱多元性別認同者）的生活情況。跟在許多其他國家一樣，這些人經常遭到大多數民眾的排斥、邊緣化、歧視與侵犯，在學校也一樣，造成高自殺率以及生理及心理健康問題。
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55
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The Experts recommend that health care personnel, amongst them doctors, nurses and other hospital staff and teachers at all levels of education be trained regularly on the full respect of human rights of LGBTI persons. They furthermore recommend that public information campaigns in the mass media be developed.
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專家建議醫護人員，包括醫生、護士及其其他醫院員工以及所有教育層級的老師，都應該定期接受有關全面尊重多元性別認同者人權的訓練。專家進一步建議建構在大眾媒體得以訴求公共資訊之可能性。
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與公政公約相關的特定議題：享有婚姻和家庭生活的權利（第23和24條）
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76
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The Experts note that under the law the minimum age of marriage for men is 18 and the age for women is 16. The Experts consider this age difference to be discriminatory in violation of various provisions of the ICCPR, CEDAW and the CRC, and therefore recommend that the law on the minimum age of marriage be amended to raise the minimum age of marriage of women to 18.
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專家指出，根據法律規定男性最低結婚年齡是18歲，女性則是16歲。專家認為這項年齡的差異是歧視性的，違反了《公民與政治權利國際公約》，《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》和《兒童權利公約》的各項規定，因此建議修法將女性最低結婚年齡提高到18歲。
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77
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The Experts express their appreciation of the numerous initiatives such as reporting systems, domestic prevention offices, and hotlines to address violence against women in the country, especially domestic violence. It notes that most of these initiatives are the responsibility of the police. The Experts however are concerned that there is inadequate data on the prevalence, cause and effects of domestic violence and that there is a need to ensure comprehensive coverage of the initiatives concerned as well as for monitoring and assessment of the impact of the initiatives. The Experts recommend that the impact of the initiatives be assessed and on the basis of this assessment a comprehensive plan be developed to address domestic violence by adopting an interdisciplinary and multi-sectoral approach. They also recommend that national data is collected to assess the prevalence cause and effects of domestic violence. They further recommend that the Government bases all efforts to address violence against women on General Comment 19 of the CEDAW Committee and other relevant international human rights standards.
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專家對國內許多用以解決對婦女暴力，尤其是家庭暴力的措施表示讚賞，如申訴制度、家庭暴力防治辦公室及熱線電話。這顯示出這些措施大部分是警方的責任。然而，專家也關心家庭暴力的盛行、原因和影響面的數據並不足夠，以及有必要確保這些相關的措施能全面普及，並監測和評估這些措施的影響。專家建議對這些措施的影響進行評估，在此評估基礎上採用跨學科和跨部門的方法，發展一套全面的計劃以解決家庭暴力。專家也建議應收集全國的數據以評估家庭暴力的盛行原因和影響。專家進一步建議政府應根據《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》委員會第19號結論性意見及其它相關國際人權標準，發揮最大努力來解決對婦女的暴力行為。
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78
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The Experts are concerned at the lack of legal recognition of the diversity of families in the country and that only heterosexual marriages are recognized but not same sex marriages or cohabiting partnerships. This is discriminatory and denies many benefits to couples of same sex or cohabiting partners. The Experts express their concern that the Government plans to conduct a public survey before it amends the law to recognize the diversity of families. The Government has an obligation to fulfill the human rights of all people and not make such fulfillment contingent on public opinion.
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專家擔心我國缺乏法律上對婚姻家庭多元性的認可，且只有異性婚姻受認可而不包括同性婚姻或同居關係。這是帶歧視性的，且否定了同性伴侶或同居伴侶的許多福利。專家對於政府在修法認可家庭多元性之前先進行民意調查的計畫表示擔心。政府對全體人民的人權有履行義務且不應以公眾之意見做為履行的條件。
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79
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The Experts recommend that the Civil Code be amended to give legal recognition to the diversity of families in the country. They also recommend gender equality and gender diversity awareness and education be conducted without delay to society in general and in schools in particular.
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專家建議應修訂民法以便在法律上認可我國家庭的多元性。專家還建議應一般性的對社會大眾及特別在學校中毫不拖延地進行性別平等和性別多元性的認知和教育。
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80
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On the issue of abortion, Taiwanese domestic legislation requires that a pregnant woman needs to obtain the consent of her husband and, depending on the circumstance, that of other family members. The Experts recommend that the legislation be amended so as to enable a pregnant woman to decide for abortion of her own free will.
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在墮胎議題上，中華民國(臺灣)國內法律要求孕婦需取得丈夫的同意，以及視情形需取得其他家庭成員的同意方得以墮胎。專家建議應修法使孕婦能依自己的自由意願來做成墮胎的決定。
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